Updated Jan. 27, 2025 at 5:10 p.m.*
From Charlie Hebdo to Xavier Gorce to R. Crumb, cartoonists in France have a history of provocation and courting controversy—and generally receive French public support in return. The latest provocateur, Bastien Vivès, continues to cross the line on the limits of free speech and artistic expression — and at least part of the literary establishment sticks by him.
Back in 2022, the 40-year-old comic book artist from Paris faced considerable backlash focused on work published four years prior that had resurfaced, which critics said excused, or even promoted, incest and pedophilia.
By December 2022, a petition gained 100,000 signatures calling on the Angoulême International Comics Festival to revoke Vivès’s invitation to participate in the prestigious gathering. The festival later announced it was cancelling the French cartoonist's appearance and subsequent exhibition, citing online "physical threats" against Vivès that could put both the artist and festival goers at risk, Le Figaro reported at the time.
Vivès skipped the following edition, too — but now, as advertised by his Franco-Belgian publisher Casterman, he is slated to participate in signings for his new comic book, Lune de miel ("Honeymoon") at the 2025 festival, on Friday and Saturday.
A need for transgression?
Having authored mainstream comic books, including several that have been made into films (his 2011 Polina was adapted for the screen by Angelin Preljocaj, starring French actress Juliette Binoche). Yet one work is now the target of critics: Petit Paul, published in 2018, portrays a small child with disproportionate private parts, prompting critics to demand its withdrawal from bookstores and even its outright banning under a provision in the French legal code that prohibits the pornographic representation of minors.
Ultimately no legal action was taken. Defending himself, Vivès said, “How can anyone take Petit Paul seriously?,” calling his critics “regressive” and “stupid.”
“Our era needs transgression,” he said, “but it’s become complicated to do it.”
Still Vivès’ may go well beyond transgression, as French daily Libération cites one of the many recent critics, “He continues to be treated in the media as a virulent but talented teenager. When in reality, he’s a 40-year-old reactionary whose work actively contributes to the normalization of pedophilia and rape culture.”
Yet Vivès’ allies continue to stand by him. “Bastien’s work, in its originality and complexity, cannot be reduced or destroyed by puritanist minds,” fellow comic artist Catel posted on Instagram.
Back in 2022, the Angoulême festival's organizers were initially adamant that Vivès’s invitation would not be withdrawn, and cited public safety rather than the concerns of critics for the decision to ultimately cancel his appearance.
The controversy has been revealing about the changing nature of France’s historic view on art, free speech, and the edges of acceptable sexual conduct.
Vivès's comeback
Last year, Bastien Vivès released La Vérité sur l'affaire Vivès ("The Truth About the Vivès Affair"), a satirical comic book directly addressing the accusations he faces. In the book, Vivès argues that his books are works of fiction and therefore not legally punishable — which led critics to call him out for victim posturing.
La Vérité sur l'affaire Vivès is one of the author's first publications since the accusations, having chosen to lay low since being cancelled from the 2023 edition of the Angoulême festival.
Recently, Vivès announced through his Instagram account that he would be premiering his next comic book, Lune de miel, at the 2025 festival, which kicks off Wednesday. Although he is not among the official participants listed on the event's website, his publisher Casterman confirmed he would be taking part in book signings, marking his return to the prestigious show, as he still the object of an investigation for the alleged dissemination of pedopornographic material.
Circling back to #MeToo
In the past, the country has seemingly shrugged off high-profile scandals involving artists — for example, welcoming Roman Polanski, a fugitive from charges of child rape filed in the U.S. But in the last several years, a more critical light has been shined on sexual misconduct in the French artistic and literary worlds. In 2020 Vanessa Springora (who signed the petition calling for Vivès to be removed from the festival), published Consent, a memoir describing sexual abuse she experienced while she was 14, from writer Gabriel Matzneff, 49 at the time, who had done little to hide his attraction to and pursuit of underage boys and girls.
I cannot do incest in real life, and I have no older sister to be able to do that to, so I do it in my books.
The #MeToo movement, which took off in France under the hashtag #BalanceTonPorc, led to the downfall of Eric Brion, a media consultant and former executive at the public broadcaster France Télévisions.
Still, it’s worth noting that there was a significant counter-movement at the time in France, which questioned whether the movement was an example of puritanism. Actress Catherine Deneuve famously co-signed an open letter in the French daily Le Monde criticizing #MeToo as serving “the interests of the enemies of sexual freedom, the religious extremists, the reactionaries and those who believe — in their righteousness and the Victorian moral outlook that goes with it — that women are a species "apart," children with adult faces who demand to be protected.”
"Resistance" to change
But how far can artists go in treating controversial themes in their work? To what extent should art, or pornography, be a place of expression for sexual fantasies that can’t be lived out in real life?
In a since-deleted interview with French media Mademoizelle, Vivès declared that “incest turn[ed] him on.” “Given that I cannot do incest in real life, and that I have no older sister to be able to do that to, I do it in my books,” Vivès said.
Some of Vivès’s contemporaries, like Penelope Bagieu and Joanna Lorho, have denounced their profession’s "resistance" to change and indifference "to the image of women in comics." The illustrator Emma, known for her comic strip on the “mental load” that affects women, said on Monday that the world of art must "clearly, publicly and visibly denounce this person and his illegal productions."
If that happens, it’s unlikely to stop Vivès. As he told French daily Le Point in 2020, "I give myself the right to draw everything. The more people tell me I don't have the right to draw something, the more I want to draw it."
*Originally published Dec. 14, 2022, this article was updated January 27, 2025 with news about Bastien Vivès's participation in this year's Festival d'Angoulême.